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- Title
The Occurrence of N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview.
- Authors
Mustapha, Saheed; Jimoh, Tijani; Ndamitso, Muhammed; Abdulkareem, Saka Ambali; Taye, Shuaib Damola; Mohammed, Abdul Kabir; Amigun, Azeezah Taiwo
- Abstract
The occurrence of several disinfectant byproducts has been investigated in swimming pools. Until now, there are only a few studies on nitrosamine, particularly N -nitrosodimethylamine in swimming pool water. This could be due to the lack of a suitable method that is sensitive enough for the measurement of N -nitrosodimethylamine in pool waters. Other disinfectant byproducts formed in pool water widely documented are trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, and chloramines but inadequate information on N -nitrosodimethylamine. This paper provides a review of the nitrogenous disinfectant byproduct in swimming pools and its health implications. Anthropogenic substances introduced by swimmers such as sweat, lotions, and urine contribute to the formation of N -nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of secondary amines such as dimethylamine with mono/dichloroamines produced dimethyl hydrazine and further undergo oxidation to form N -nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of chlorine and other disinfectants with these anthropogenic sources in swimming pools cause cancer and asthma in human tissues. Thus, the assessment of N -nitrosodimethylamine in the swimming pool is less well documented. Therefore, the health consequences, mutagenic, and genotoxic potentials of N -nitrosodimethylamine should be the focus of more research studies.
- Subjects
NITROSOAMINES; MUTAGENICITY testing; SWIMMING; CHLORINE; DISINFECTION &; disinfectants; ANALYTICAL chemistry
- Publication
Environmental Health Insights, 2021, p1
- ISSN
1178-6302
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/11786302211036520