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- Title
Chemosensory Dysfunction 3-Months After COVID-19, Medications and Factors Associated with Complete Recovery.
- Authors
Fornazieri, Marco Aurélio; Silva, José Lucas Barbosa da; Gameiro, Juliana Gutschow; Scussiato, Henrique Ochoa; Ramos, Rafael Antônio Matias Ribeiro; Cunha, Bruno Machado; Figueiredo, Alan Felipe; Takahashi, Eduardo Hideki; Marin, Gabrielli Algazal; Caetano, Igor Ruan de Araújo; Meli, Tainara Kawane; Higuchi, Diego Issamu; Santos, Rafael Rodrigues Pinheiro dos; Rampazzo, Ana Carla Mondek; Pinna, Fábio de Rezende; Voegels, Richard Louis; Doty, Richard L.
- Abstract
Objectives: To examine the longitudinal prevalence and recovery of olfactory, gustatory, and oral chemesthetic deficits in a sizable cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected persons using quantitative testing. To determine whether demographic and clinical factors, mainly the medications used after the COVID-19 diagnosis, influence the test measures. Methods: Prospective cohort in a hospital with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary care. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were tested during the acute infection phase (within 15 days of initial symptom, n = 187) and one (n = 113) and 3 months later (n = 73). The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, the Global Gustatory Test, and a novel test for chemesthesis were administered at all visits. Results: During the acute phase, 93% were anosmic or microsmic and 29.4% were hypogeusic. No one was ageusic. A deficit in oral chemesthesis was present in 13.4%. By 3 months, taste and chemesthesis had largely recovered, however, some degree of olfactory dysfunction remained in 54.8%. Remarkably, patients who had been treated with anticoagulants tended to have more olfactory improvement. Recovery was greater in men than in women, but was unrelated to disease severity, smoking behavior, or the use of various medications prior to, or during, COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: When using quantitative testing, olfactory disturbances were found in nearly all SARS-CoV-2 infected patients during the acute infection phase. Taste or chemesthetic deficits were low. Olfactory impairment persisted to some degree in over half of the patients at the 3-month follow-up evaluation, being more common in women and less common in those who had been treated earlier with anticoagulants. Level of Evidence: 3
- Subjects
TASTE disorders; COVID-19; ANTICOAGULANTS; TREATMENT effectiveness; SMELL disorders; RESEARCH funding; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 2023, Vol 132, Issue 10, p1177
- ISSN
0003-4894
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/00034894221138485