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- Title
Hormonal Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-10 Production by Activated Macrophages: A Disease-modifying Mechanism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
- Authors
WILDER, RONALD L.; ELENKOV, ILIA J.
- Abstract
ABSTRACT: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently develop and progress in settings in which sympathoadrenomedullary and gonadal hormone levels are changing, e.g., during pregnancy, postpartum period, menopause, estrogen administration. This paper addresses the view that adrenal and gonadal hormonal deficiency facilitates excessive macrophage production of TNF-α and IL-12 that characterizes RA, whereas excessive estrogen action is suggested to play an essential role in the production of IL-10 in patients with SLE. Disease activity in SLE, in contrast to RA, appears to be associated with high-level production of IL-10, relative to the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-12. Accumulating data suggest that novel therapeutic approaches may ultimately be developed from continued investigation of the role of the neuroendocrine factors in RA and SLE.
- Publication
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, Vol 876, Issue 1, p14
- ISSN
0077-8923
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07619.x