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- Title
Chemotherapeutic Effects of Bioassay-Guided Extracts of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
- Authors
Wang, Xiao-Yu; He, Zheng Chun; Song, Li-Yan; Spencer, Shawn; Yang, Lei Xiang; Peng, Fang; Liu, Guang-Ming; Hu, Ming-Hui; Li, Hai Bo; Wu, Xiu-Mei; Zeng, Su; Hilgenfeld, Rolf; Stöckigt, Joachim; Zhao, Yu; Qian, Jin Fu
- Abstract
The organic extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae) has been traditionally used in southwestern China as an alternative medicine against disorders such as hepatitis, trauma, gastric ulcers, burns, and heart disease. The present study describes bioassay-guided purification and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the 60% ethanolic fraction of P americana organic extracts (PAE60). The most effective cytotoxic fraction was determined by way of repeated in vitro screenings against 12 distinct cultured human carcinoma cell lines: Eca 109, BGC823, HO8910, LS174T, CNE, HeLa, K562, PC-3, A549, BEL 7404, HL-60, and KB, followed by in vivo antitumor assays of the lead fraction (PAE60). The complexity of enriched active fraction was qualitatively evaluated using thin layer chromatography. Reconstituted PAE60 was effective at inhibiting HL-60, KB, CNE, and BGC823 cell growth with IC50 values <20 µg mL−1. PAE60 reduced tumor growth in S180-bearing immunocompetent mice by 72.62% after 10 days following oral doses of 500 mg kg d−1 compared with 78.75% inhibition following 40 mg kg d−1 of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Thymus and spleen indices of S180-bearing mice treated with PAE60 were significantly greater (P < .05) than CTX treatment groups, suggesting potential immunomodulation of antitumor host defenses by PAE60. Antiviral activity was also investigated and PAE60 inhibited herpes simplex type-2 replication (IC50 = 4.11 ± 0.64 µg mL−1) with a selectivity index (CC50 to IC50 ratio) of 64.84 in Vero cells but was less effective on type-1 virus (IC50 of 25.6 ± 3.16 µg mL−1). These results support future clinical trials on P. americana as an alternative or complementary medicinal agent.
- Subjects
CANCER chemotherapy; ANALYSIS of variance; ANIMAL experimentation; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; BIOLOGICAL assay; BIOPHYSICS; CELL culture; ANALYTICAL chemistry techniques; COCKROACHES; EPITHELIAL cells; ETHANOL; HERBAL medicine; HERPESVIRUS diseases; RESEARCH methodology; CHINESE medicine; MICE; HEALTH outcome assessment; PRIMATES; REGRESSION analysis; RESEARCH funding; THIN layer chromatography; TREATMENT effectiveness; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2011, Vol 10, Issue 3, pNP12
- ISSN
1534-7354
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/1534735411413467