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- Title
Determination of surface sulfate groups of cellulose nanowhiskers obtained by various desulfation procedures: usefulness of different methods for sulfate group quantification.
- Authors
Araki, Jun; Nakajima, Minami
- Abstract
The surface sulfate groups of cotton-derived cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were quantified using three different methods: conductometric titration, adsorption of toluidine blue O (TBO), and sulfur elemental analysis. The former two methods indicated comparable values, whereas the last method indicated a considerable overestimation of up to 1.4 times the sulfate content compared to the values obtained by titration. This overestimation may be due to the inaccessibility of the sulfates inside the CNWs to the titrant and TBO, and/or the presence of non-sulfate sulfur elements. In addition to the quantitativeness of the TBO adsorption method, the present results also demonstrate the desulfation efficiency under several different desulfation conditions, where the sulfate content decreased by only half after alkali-mediated desulfation even with 2 M NaOH, whereas quite effective desulfation (ca. 90% decrease) was achieved with dilute HCl (0.25 M).
- Subjects
TOLUIDINE blue; CELLULOSE; CONDUCTOMETRIC analysis; SULFATES; HEPARAN sulfate; ELEMENTAL analysis
- Publication
Cellulose, 2023, Vol 30, Issue 2, p849
- ISSN
0969-0239
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10570-022-04926-7