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- Title
Vitamin D and COVID-19: Narrative Review after 3 Years of Pandemic.
- Authors
Gotelli, Emanuele; Soldano, Stefano; Hysa, Elvis; Paolino, Sabrina; Campitiello, Rosanna; Pizzorni, Carmen; Sulli, Alberto; Smith, Vanessa; Cutolo, Maurizio
- Abstract
Active vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3—calcitriol] is a secosteroid hormone whose receptor is expressed on all cells of the immune system. Vitamin D has a global anti-inflammatory effect and its role in the management of a SARS-CoV-2 infection has been investigated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, the laboratory and clinical results of a vitamin D supplementation have been collected from both open-label and blinded randomized clinical trials. The results are generally in favor of the utility of maintaining the serum concentrations of calcifediol [25(OH)D3] at around 40 ng/mL and of the absolute usefulness of its supplementation in subjects with deficient serum levels. However, two very recent large-scale studies (one open-label, one placebo-controlled) have called into question the contribution of vitamin D to clinical practice in the era of COVID-19 vaccinations. The precise role of a vitamin D supplementation in the anti-COVID-19 armamentarium requires further investigations in light of the breakthrough which has been achieved with mass vaccinations.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D; NEUROENDOCRINE system; COVID-19 vaccines; INFLAMMATION; IMMUNE system; DIETARY supplements; VITAMIN D; COVID-19 pandemic; DISEASE management
- Publication
Nutrients, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 22, p4907
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu14224907