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- Title
A Brief Review of the Mechanisms of β-Cell Dedifferentiation in Type 2 Diabetes.
- Authors
Khin, Phyu-Phyu; Lee, Jong-Han; Jun, Hee-Sook; Al-Mrabeh, Ahmad; Galvano, Fabio
- Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Over 90% of patients with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic β-cells are endocrine cells that produce and secrete insulin, an essential endocrine hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Deficits in β-cell function and mass play key roles in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes. Apoptosis has been considered as the main contributor of β-cell dysfunction and decrease in β-cell mass for a long time. However, recent studies suggest that β-cell failure occurs mainly due to increased β-cell dedifferentiation rather than limited β-cell proliferation or increased β-cell death. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the understanding of the pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation process including potential mechanisms. A better understanding of β-cell dedifferentiation process will help to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent and/or reverse β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes.
- Subjects
PANCREATIC physiology; DISEASE progression; B cells; ENDOPLASMIC reticulum; METABOLISM; APOPTOSIS; MICRORNA; TYPE 2 diabetes; OXIDATIVE stress; MEDICAL research
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 5, p1593
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13051593