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- Title
Advanced models for respiratory disease and drug studies.
- Authors
Shrestha, Jesus; Paudel, Keshav Raj; Nazari, Hojjatollah; Dharwal, Vivek; Bazaz, Sajad Razavi; Johansen, Matt D.; Dua, Kamal; Hansbro, Philip M.; Warkiani, Majid Ebrahimi
- Abstract
The global burden of respiratory diseases is enormous, with many millions of people suffering and dying prematurely every year. The global COVID‐19 pandemic witnessed recently, along with increased air pollution and wildfire events, increases the urgency of identifying the most effective therapeutic measures to combat these diseases even further. Despite increasing expenditure and extensive collaborative efforts to identify and develop the most effective and safe treatments, the failure rates of drugs evaluated in human clinical trials are high. To reverse these trends and minimize the cost of drug development, ineffective drug candidates must be eliminated as early as possible by employing new, efficient, and accurate preclinical screening approaches. Animal models have been the mainstay of pulmonary research as they recapitulate the complex physiological processes, Multiorgan interplay, disease phenotypes of disease, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. Recently, the use of advanced culture technologies such as organoids and lung‐on‐a‐chip models has gained increasing attention because of their potential to reproduce human diseased states and physiology, with clinically relevant responses to drugs and toxins. This review provides an overview of different animal models for studying respiratory diseases and evaluating drugs. We also highlight recent progress in cell culture technologies to advance integrated models and discuss current challenges and present future perspectives.
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY agents; RESPIRATORY diseases; COVID-19 pandemic; GLOBAL burden of disease; DRUG development
- Publication
Medicinal Research Reviews, 2023, Vol 43, Issue 5, p1470
- ISSN
0198-6325
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/med.21956