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- Title
Grape Polyphenols Prevent Fructose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
- Authors
HOKAYEM, MARIE; BLOND, EMILIE; VIDAL, HUBERT; LAMBERT, KAREN; MEUGNIER, EMMANUELLE; FEILLET-COUDRAY, CHRISTINE; COUDRAY, CHARLES; PESENTI, SANDRA; LUYTON, CEDRIC; LAMBERT-PORCHERON, STÉPHANIE; SAUVINET, VALERIE; FEDOU, CHRISTINE; BRUN, JEAN-FRÉDÉRIC; RIEUSSET, JENNIFER; BISBAL, CATHERINE; SULTAN, ARIANE; MERCIER, JACQUES; GOUDABLE, JOELLE; DUPUY, ANNE-MARIE; CRISTOL, JEAN-PAUL
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To assess the clinical efficacy of nutritional amounts of grape polyphenols (PPs) in counteracting the metabolic alterations of high-fructose diet, including oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR), in healthy volunteers with high metabolic risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Thirty-eight healthy overweight/obese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (18 men and 20 women) were randomized in a double-blind controlled trial between a grape PP (2 g/day) and a placebo (PCB) group. Subjects were investigated at baseline and after 8 and 9 weeks of supplementation, the last 6 days of which they all received 3 g/kg fat-free mass/day of fructose. The primary end point was the protective effect of grape PPs on fructose-induced IR. RESULTS--In the PCB group, fructose induced 1) a 20%decrease in hepatic insulin sensitivity d 1 index ( P < 0.05) and an 11% decrease in glucose infusion rate ( P < 0.05) as evaluated during a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, 2) an increase in systemic (urinary F2-isoprostanes) 2 and muscle (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonylation) oxidative stress ( P < 0.05), and 3) a downregulation of mitochondrial genes and decreased mitochondrial respiration (P < 0.05). All the deleterious effects of fructose were fully blunted by grape supplementation. Antioxidative defenses, inflammatory markers, and main adipokines were affected neither by fructose nor by grape PPs. CONCLUSIONS--A natural mixture of grape PPs at nutritional doses efficiently prevents fructose-induced oxidative stress and IR. The current interest in grape PP ingredients and products by the global food and nutrition industries could well make them a stepping-stone of preventive nutrition.
- Subjects
NUTRITION research; POLYPHENOLS; TYPE 2 diabetes; GRAPES; FRUCTOSE; OXIDATIVE stress
- Publication
Diabetes Care, 2013, Vol 36, Issue 6, p1454
- ISSN
0149-5992
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2337/dc12-1652