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- Title
Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for the Development of Type 2 Diabetes.
- Authors
Yaggi, H. Klar; Araujo, Andre B.; McKinlay, John B.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE -- Short-term partial sleep restriction results in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term relationship between sleep duration and the incidence of clinical diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- A cohort of men from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study without diabetes at baseline (1987-1989) were followed until 2004 for the development of diabetes. Average number of hours of sleep per night was grouped into the following categories: ≤5, 6, 7, 8, and >8 h. Incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) were calculated for the development of diabetes in each sleep duration category. Those reporting 7 h of sleep per night served as the reference group. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression. RESULTS -- Men reporting short sleep duration (≤5 and 6 h of sleep per night) were twice as likely to develop diabetes, and men reporting long sleep duration (>8 h of sleep per night) were more than three times as likely to develop diabetes over the period of follow-up. Elevated risks remained essentially unchanged after adjustment for age, hypertension, smoking status, self-rated health status, education, and waist circumference (RR 1.95 [95% CI 0.95-4.01] for ≤5 h and 3.12 [1.53-6.37] for >8 h). RRs were altered considerably for the two extreme sleep groups when adjusted for testosterone (1.51 [0.71-3.19] for ≤5 h and 2.81 [1.34-5.90] for >8 h), suggesting that the effects of sleep on diabetes could be mediated via changes in endogenous testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS -- Short and long sleep durations increase the risk of developing diabetes, independent of confounding factors. Sleep duration may represent a novel risk factor for diabetes.
- Subjects
GLUCOSE; INSULIN resistance; DIABETES; SLEEP; HYPERTENSION
- Publication
Diabetes Care, 2006, Vol 29, Issue 3, p657
- ISSN
0149-5992
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-0879