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- Title
Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath from Lung Cancer Patients Using Support Vector Machine Algorithm.
- Authors
Yuichi Sakumura; Yutaro Koyama; Hiroaki Tokutake; Toyoaki Hida; Kazuo Sato; Toshio Itoh; Takafumi Akamatsu; Woosuck Shin
- Abstract
Monitoring exhaled breath is a very attractive, noninvasive screening technique for early diagnosis of diseases, especially lung cancer. However, the technique provides insufficient accuracy because the exhaled air has many crucial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at very low concentrations (ppb level). We analyzed the breath exhaled by lung cancer patients and healthy subjects (controls) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and performed a subsequent statistical analysis to diagnose lung cancer based on the combination of multiple lung cancer-related VOCs. We detected 68 VOCs as marker species using GC/MS analysis. We reduced the number of VOCs and used support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to classify the samples. We observed that a combination of five VOCs (CHN, methanol, CH3CN, isoprene, 1-propanol) is sufficient for 89.0% screening accuracy, and hence, it can be used for the design and development of a desktop GC-sensor analysis system for lung cancer.
- Subjects
LUNG cancer diagnosis; VOLATILE organic compounds; SUPPORT vector machines; NONINVASIVE diagnostic tests; METHANOL
- Publication
Sensors (14248220), 2017, Vol 17, Issue 2, p287
- ISSN
1424-8220
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/s17020287