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- Title
Widespread Resistance to Temephos in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mexico.
- Authors
Davila-Barboza, Jesus A.; Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Selene M.; Juache-Villagrana, Alan E.; Lopez-Monroy, Beatriz; Flores, Adriana E.
- Abstract
Simple Summary: In Mexico, the primary method for managing arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti involves the utilization of insecticides targeting both larval and adult stages. Temephos, a larvicide, has been a cornerstone in vector control strategies for over five decades. Our comprehensive analysis of twenty-three Ae. aegypti populations across Mexico revealed a widespread and moderately intense resistance to temephos. This emerging resistance is a cause for concern, signaling a potential decline in the efficacy of temephos, a crucial component in mosquito population management and disease prevention. Our study underscores the urgent need to explore and implement alternative mosquito control strategies to maintain effective public health interventions. These findings strongly indicate that the future of mosquito control, particularly in larval stages, may no longer rely on temephos alone, thereby emphasizing the imperative for the innovation and adoption of novel larvicidal methods or agents. Organic synthetic insecticides continue to be part of the arsenal for combating vector-borne diseases in Mexico. Larvicides are a fundamental part of the process in programs for mosquito control, temephos being one of the most widely used in Mexico. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency of temephos resistance in twenty-three Aedes aegypti populations using the discriminating concentration (DC) of 0.012 mg/L. We also tested 5× DC (0.6 mg/L) and 10× DC (0.12 mg/L) of temephos. The resistance distribution to temephos was interpolated to unsampled sites using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The populations of Ae. aegypti showed a high frequency of resistance (1× DC) with mortality rates below 93% in 22 of the 23 populations analyzed. Moderate resistance intensity (5× DC) was found in 78% of the populations, and high intensity (10× DC) in 30%. Predicted mortality was below 60% in the populations of the Pacific Coast, along the Gulf of Mexico, and in the state of Coahuila in Northeastern Mexico in relation to 1× DC; the Pacific Coast and Northeast patterns hold for 5× and 10× DC. The results suggest the need for rotation of the larvicide to effectively control the larval populations of the vector in the country.
- Subjects
MEXICO; COAHUILA (Mexico : State); GULF of Mexico; AEDES aegypti; MOSQUITO control; MOSQUITOES; DIPTERA; DISEASE management; VECTOR-borne diseases; VECTOR control
- Publication
Insects (2075-4450), 2024, Vol 15, Issue 2, p120
- ISSN
2075-4450
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/insects15020120