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- Title
LC-PUFA enrichment in infant formula and neurodevelopment up to age 3.5 years in the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort.
- Authors
Martinot, Pauline; Adjibade, Moufidath; Taine, Marion; Davisse-Paturet, Camille; Lioret, Sandrine; Charles, Marie-Aline; de Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine; Bernard, Jonathan Y.
- Abstract
Purpose: For decades, consistent associations between breastfeeding and children's neurodevelopment have been attributed to breastmilk content in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). However, the beneficial effect of LC-PUFA enrichment of infant formula on neurodevelopment remains controversial. This study examined the association of LC-PUFA enrichment of infant formulas with neurodevelopment up to age 3.5 years. Methods: Analyses were based on 9372 children from the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort. Monthly from 2 to 10 months, parents declared their infant's feeding mode, including breastfeeding and the name of the infant formula, which allowed for identifying formulas enriched in arachidonic (ARA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Neurodevelopment was assessed at age 1 and 3.5 years with the Child Development Inventory (CDI-1 and CDI-3.5); at 2 years with the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-2); and at 3.5 years with the Picture Similarities subtest of the British Ability Scale (BAS-3.5). Associations were assessed by linear regression adjusted for any breastfeeding duration and main confounding factors, including socioeconomic characteristics. Results: One-third of formula-fed infants consumed LC-PUFA-enriched formulas. Most of these formulas were enriched in both DHA and ARA, and about 10% of infants consumed formula further enriched in EPA. LC-PUFA enrichment of infant formula was not associated with neurodevelopmental scores at age 1 (CDI-1, − 0.16 [− 0.39, 0.07]), age 2 (MB-2, 0.78 [− 0.33, 1.89]), or age 3.5 (CDI-3.5, − 0.05 [− 0.27, 0.17]; BAS-3.5, − 0.93 [− 2.85, 0.98]). Conclusion: In the ELFE study, LC-PUFA enrichment of infant formula was not associated with neurodevelopmental scores up to 3.5 years.
- Subjects
FRANCE; INFANT formulas; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid; INFANT development; ENRICHED foods; REGRESSION analysis; NEURAL development; INFANT nutrition; EICOSAPENTAENOIC acid; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; OMEGA-3 fatty acids; BREASTFEEDING; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ARACHIDONIC acid; LONGITUDINAL method
- Publication
European Journal of Nutrition, 2022, Vol 61, Issue 6, p2979
- ISSN
1436-6207
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00394-022-02863-6