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- Title
Melamine-tainted milk product-associated urinary stones in children.
- Authors
Zheng Wang; Hong Luo; Wenwei Tu; Hui Yang; Wong, Wilfred Hing-Sang; Wing-Tak Wong; Ka-Fu Yung; Nan Zhou; Jingti Zhang; Xiaoqing Li; Zerong Wang; Wenjun Guo; Dezhi Mu; Fanghong Li; Meng Mao; Yu-Lung Lau
- Abstract
Background: An outbreak of urinary stones related to consumption of melamine-tainted milk products (MTMP) occurred in China in 2008. The aim of the present study was to evaluate such children to identify their clinical features and risk factors. Methods: Renal ultrasound was performed for 7328 children who presented to a Sichuan teaching hospital between 13 September and 15 October 2008 due to concern of such stones. Clinical data, family information, feeding history and urinary stones were analyzed. Results: Of the 7328 children, 189 (2.58%) had ultrasound findings of urinary stones, and 51 were admitted. Age (mean ± SD) was 27.4 ± 25.5 months, and 101 were male and 88, female. The odds ratio (OR) for urinary stones for infants and young children (1-3 years) as compared to older children (>3 years), was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64-3.56; P < 0.0001) and 1.95 (95%CI, 1.31-2.89; P < 0.0011), respectively. Independent risk factors associated with urinary stones included consumption of MTMP with melamine at >5500 mg/kg (OR, 13.3; 95%CI, 6.8-26.1, P < 0.0001) as compared to that with melamine at <200 mg/kg, and younger father ( P = 0.0006). On logistic regression, the only risk factor associated with inpatient care was lower family income per person (OR, 4.4; 95%CI, 1.2-15.9, P = 0.02). Repeat ultrasound for 51 children at mean follow up of 15.3 ± 8.9 days found that 33 passed out all stones, which was associated with a larger number of smaller stones ( P = 0.003). Urinary stones contained melamine and uric acid, but no cyanuric acid. Conclusions: MTMP-associated urinary stones were more frequent in young children and more severe in children from poorer families.
- Subjects
CHINA; ACADEMIC medical centers; ANALYSIS of variance; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; STATISTICAL correlation; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOOD contamination; SYNTHETIC gums &; resins; KIDNEYS; MILK; RESEARCH funding; STATISTICS; T-test (Statistics); URINARY calculi; LOGISTIC regression analysis; DATA analysis; DATA analysis software; CHILDREN
- Publication
Pediatrics International, 2011, Vol 53, Issue 4, p489
- ISSN
1328-8067
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1442-200X.2010.03284.x