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- Title
Alteration of brainstem raphe measured by transcranial sonography in depression patients with or without Parkinson's disease.
- Authors
Zhang, Ying; Hu, Hua; Luo, Wei; Sheng, Yu; Chen, Xiao; Mao, Cheng; Xiong, Kang; Yu, Li; Liu, Chun; Zhang, Ying Chun; Luo, Wei Feng; Sheng, Yu Jing; Chen, Xiao Fang; Mao, Cheng Jie; Xiong, Kang Ping; Yu, Li Fang; Liu, Chun Feng
- Abstract
The purpose of our study was to assess the alteration of the brainstem raphe (BR) on transcranial sonography (TCS) in depression patients with or without Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore whether the different changes of BR could reflect an increasing impairment of raphe structures. TCS was performed in patients with PD, depression with PD, depression only, and controls. Using the red nucleus as an internal standard, the BR was rated semi-quantitatively from grades 1-4 with grades 1-3 determined as abnormal. The rate of abnormal BR (≤grade 3) was found to be only 10 % in patients with PD (4/40) and 5 % in control patients (2/40). The rate of abnormal raphe was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with both depression and PD (85 %, 34/40) or patients with depression only (87.5 %, 35/40). TCS of the raphe in most patients with mild depression scored grade 3, while those with moderate depression scored grade 2-3, and those with severe depression scored grade 1. The different BR echogenicity score reflected an increasing impairment of raphe structures in depression patients with or without PD (p < 0.05). TCS provides a good tool for assessing depression, more severe depressive symptoms were associated with different aspects in TCS studies.
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of mental depression; PARKINSON'S disease; DEPRESSED persons; TRANSCRANIAL Doppler ultrasonography; BRAIN stem physiology; RED nucleus; BRAIN stem; COMPARATIVE studies; MENTAL depression; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; RESEARCH; ULTRASONIC encephalography; EVALUATION research; SEVERITY of illness index; DISEASE complications
- Publication
Neurological Sciences, 2016, Vol 37, Issue 1, p45
- ISSN
1590-1874
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1007/s10072-015-2350-7