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- Title
The Differential Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and BDNF among Bipolar Spectrum Disorders.
- Authors
Tzu-Yun Wang; Sheng-Yu Lee; Shiou-Lan Chen; Yi-Lun Chung; Chia-Ling Li; Yun-Hsuan Chang; Liang-Jen Wang; Po See Chen; Shih-Heng Chen; Chun-Hsien Chu; San-Yuan Huang; Nian-Sheng Tzeng; Tsai-Hsin Hsieh; Yen-Chu Chiu; I Hui Lee; Kao-Chin Chen; Yen Kuang Yang; Jau-Shyong Hong; Ru-Band Lu
- Abstract
Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation and neurodegeneration underlies bipolar disorder. To investigate biological markers of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor between bipolar I, bipolar II, and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania may support the association with inflammatory dysregulation and bipolar disorder and, more specifically, provide evidence for other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients were similar to bipolar II disorder patients from a biological marker perspective. Methods: We enrolled patients with bipolar I disorder (n=234), bipolar II disorder (n=260), other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania (n=243), and healthy controls (n=140). Their clinical symptoms were rated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. Inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-8) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured in each group. Multivariate analysis of covariance and linear regression controlled for possible confounders were used to compare cytokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels among the groups. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex and a main effect of diagnosis was significant (P<.001). Three of the 5 measured biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-8) were significantly (P=.006, .01, and <.001) higher in all bipolar disorder patients than in controls. Moreover, covarying for multiple associated confounders showed that bipolar I disorder patients had significantly higher IL-8 levels than did bipolar II disorder and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients in multivariate analysis of covariance (P=.03) and linear regression (P=.02) analyses. Biomarkers differences between bipolar II disorder and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients were nonsignificant. Conclusion: The immunological disturbance along the bipolar spectrum was most severe in bipolar I disorder patients. Other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania patients and bipolar II disorder patients did not differ in these biological markers.
- Subjects
BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor; BIPOLAR disorder; HYPOMANIA; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cytokines; BIOMARKERS; NEURODEGENERATION; MULTIVARIATE analysis; PATIENTS
- Publication
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016, Vol 19, Issue 8, p1
- ISSN
1461-1457
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ijnp/pyw012