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- Title
Inactive Matrix Gla Protein is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight Children.
- Authors
Fain, Mary Ellen; Pollock, Norman K.; Williams, Celestine F.; Looney, Jacob; Gower, BA; Zhu, H.; Allison, Jerry D.; Davis, Catherine L.; Georgia
- Abstract
Background: Overweight children are at cardiometabolic risk, and tend to show poor aerobic capacity, thus, may especially benefit from modifiable factors for prevention and treatment. Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a vascular calcification inhibitor that needs vitamin K to be activated, and recent evidence suggest that higher circulating levels of inactive MGP, known as dephospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality. Higher inactive MGP signifies lower vitamin K level. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between inactive MGP and markers of cardiometablic risk in a pediatric population likely to incur CVD in adulthood. This study explored associations of vitamin K level with cardiometabolic health in an overweight pediatric population. Methods: In 64 overweight children (8-11 years old, 63% female, 88% black, 70% obese), associations of log-transformed inactive MGP with markers of cardiometabolic risk were determined, adjusted for sex and race. Fasting blood samples were measured for plasma dp-ucMGP, lipid profile, insulin resistance (log HOMA2-IR), leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein. Adiposity measurements included percent body fat via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and visceral and hepatic fat via MRI. Aerobic fitness was determined using a multistage treadmill protocol. Results: Sex (r=.54) and race (r=.43) were strongly associated with dp-ucMGP (each p<.001). After adjusting for sex and race, dp-ucMGP was inversely related to aerobic fitness (r = -0.27, p=.04) and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.27, p=.03), and directly related to percent body fat (r=.29, p=.02). No significant associations were observed between dpucMGP and insulin resistance, lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, visceral or hepatic fat after adjusting for sex and race. Discussion: In overweight children, a marker of vitamin K level is associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk. While these associations might be confounded by constitutional factors or general health behavior (e.g., genetics, healthy diet, physical activity), these results suggest that vitamin K levels may be a modifiable determinant of cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese children. Experimental trials are needed in overweight children to determine whether vitamin K supplementation reduces progression of CVD development by increasing MGP carboxylation. HL087923, DK056336
- Subjects
AEROBIC capacity; BIOMARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; PROTEINS; C-reactive protein; MATRIX Gla protein; CHILDHOOD obesity; LEPTIN; TREADMILLS; METABOLIC disorders; VITAMIN K; INSULIN resistance; LIPIDS; LONGITUDINAL method; PROBABILITY theory; DISEASE risk factors; CHILDREN
- Publication
Pediatric Exercise Science, 2016, Vol 28, p50
- ISSN
0899-8493
- Publication type
Article