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- Title
Flower Senescence Coordinated by Ethylene: An Update and Future Scope on Postharvest Biology in the "Buttercup" Family.
- Authors
Haq, Aehsan ul; Farooq, Sumira; Lone, Mohammad Lateef; Parveen, Shazia; Altaf, Foziya; Tahir, Inayatullah
- Abstract
Postharvest senescence of cut flowers is a stumbling impediment in harnessing their commercial potential. Consequently, the postharvest quality preservation of cut flowers is a crucial factor to allure buyers and maximize economic gains. Flower senescence being final phase of organ development is a key factor triggering postharvest quality deterioration. The process of flower senescence is closely regulated by developmental and environmental cues. The perception of these signals subsequently involves loss of membrane integrity, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and upregulation of proteases and nucleases, which are key signatures of senescence and culminate in the death of petal tissues. Moreover, the developmental and environmental cues are synchronized by considerable turnover in different growth regulators, particularly cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and gibberellic acid, which act both antagonistically and synergistically to coordinate the senescence process in flowers. Among these growth regulators, ethylene has a crucial role in orchestrating petal senescence in ethylene-responsive systems, while, abscisic acid regulates petal senescence in ethylene-independent systems. Recent research on ethylene-sensitive flowers revealed that the crosstalk of ethylene with sugars and other growth regulators plays a crucial role in modulating senescence by affecting the expression of ethylene-responsive genes. Despite the plethora of postharvest studies conducted so far, considerable miss links still persist in understanding the intricacies of senescence regulating mechanisms, mainly in ethylene-responsive flowers. To this end, it is imperative to critically re-evaluate our current understanding of ethylene-dependent flower senescence to gain intricate inputs regarding the underlying senescence mechanisms, particularly in ornamental families like Ranunculaceae. This constitutes the pivotal gateway toward deciphering the enigmatic complexities governing senescence regulatory mechanisms, thereby forging a path for postharvest researchers to craft pioneering methodologies aimed at accentuating the longevity of commercially significant flowers, thereby yielding substantial economic ramifications.
- Subjects
CYTOKININS; LONGEVITY; ETHYLENE; ABSCISIC acid; MORPHOGENESIS; CUT flowers; GROWTH regulators
- Publication
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2024, Vol 43, Issue 2, p402
- ISSN
0721-7595
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00344-023-11122-9