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- Title
Antidepressant-Like and Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract from the Root Bark of Hibiscus syriacus L.
- Authors
Kim, Young Hwa; Im, A-Rang; Park, Bo-Kyung; Paek, Seung Ho; Choi, Goya; Kim, Yu Ri; Whang, Wan Kyunn; Lee, Kang Hee; Oh, Seung-Eun; Lee, Mi Young
- Abstract
Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) is an important ornamental shrub in horticulture and has been widely used as a medical material in Asia. The aim of this study was to assess the antidepressant and neuroprotective effects of a root bark extract of H. syriacus (HSR) and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using an animal model of restraint stress, we investigated the effects of HSR on depressive-like behaviors and on the expression levels of serotonin, corticosterone, and neurotrophic factors in the brain. The mice were exposed to restraint stress for 2 h per day over a period of 3 weeks and orally treated with HSR (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day). We also examined the neuroprotective effect of HSR using corticosterone-treated human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The cells were incubated with the extract for 24 h, followed by corticosterone stimulation for 1 h, and then cell viability assay, cellular ATP assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and western blotting were used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HSR. Administration of HSR not only reduced the immobility times of the restraint-stressed mice in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests, but also significantly increased sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test. In addition, HSR significantly reduced the plasma levels of corticosterone and increased the brain levels of serotonin. The extract also increased the phosphorylation level of cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein and the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The in vitro assays showed that HSR pretreatment increased cell viability and ATP levels, recovered MMP, decreased ROS levels, and increased the expression of CREB and BDNF in corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity. Taken together, our data suggest that HSR may have the potential to control neuronal cell damage and depressive behaviors caused by chronic stress.
- Subjects
REACTIVE oxygen species; ADRENOCORTICAL hormones; ANIMAL experimentation; BARK; CYCLIC adenylic acid; GENE expression; HIBISCUS; MICE; NERVE growth factor; NERVOUS system; NEUROBLASTOMA; PHOSPHORYLATION; PLANT roots; SEROTONIN; PSYCHOLOGICAL stress; SWIMMING; WESTERN immunoblotting; PLANT extracts; CELL survival; IN vitro studies
- Publication
BioMed Research International, 2018, p1
- ISSN
2314-6133
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2018/7383869