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- Title
Particulate matter–bound organic compounds: levels, mutagenicity, and health risks.
- Authors
Caumo, Sofia; Yera, Aleinnys B.; Vicente, Ana; Alves, Célia; Roubicek, Deborah A.; de Castro Vasconcellos, Pérola
- Abstract
Increased industrialization and consumption of fossil fuels in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil, have caused a growth of the particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere and an increase in population health problems. Particulate and gaseous phase samples were collected in different short campaigns (2015, 2016, and 2017) near an urban-industrial area. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and its derivatives (nitro and oxy-PAH), n-alkanes, hopanes, and pesticides were determined. The Salmonella/microsome test confirmed the mutagenic activity of these samples. Among PAH, benzo(a)pyrene was detected as one of the most abundant compounds. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentrations for PAH and nitro-PAH, and the associated risk of lung cancer, showed values above those recommended in the literature. The profile of n-alkanes confirmed the predominance of anthropogenic sources. Pesticide concentrations and estimated risks, such as the daily inhalation exposure and hazard quotient, suggest that exposure to these compounds in this area may be dangerous to human health.
- Subjects
SAO Paulo (Brazil); BRAZIL; ORGANIC compounds; PARTICULATE matter; POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; PESTICIDES; FOSSIL fuels; HEALTH risk assessment; PYRENE; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2022, Vol 29, Issue 21, p31293
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-021-17965-7