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- Title
NAD+ and Niacin Supplementation as Possible Treatments for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Narrative Review.
- Authors
Gemae, Mohamed R.; Bassi, Mario D.; Wang, Patrick; Chin, Eric K.; Almeida, David R.P.
- Abstract
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are progressive retinal diseases characterized by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of NAD+ and niacin supplementation in managing glaucoma and AMD. A literature search was conducted encompassing keywords such as "niacin", "NAD", "glaucoma", "AMD", and "therapeutics". NAD+ depletion is associated with increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma and AMD. Niacin, a precursor to NAD+, has shown promise in replenishing NAD+ levels, improving choroidal blood flow, and reducing oxidative damage. Animal studies in glaucoma models indicate that nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation preserves RGC density and function. Large-scale population-based studies indicate an inverse correlation between niacin intake and glaucoma prevalence, suggesting a preventative role. Randomized controlled trials assessing niacin supplementation showed significant improvements in visual field sensitivity and inner retinal function, with a dose-dependent relationship. In AMD, nicotinamide supplementation may improve rod cell function and protect against oxidative stress-induced damage. Cross-sectional studies reveal that individuals with AMD have a lower dietary intake of niacin. Further studies suggest niacin's role in improving choroidal blood flow and dilating retinal arterioles, potentially mitigating ischemic damage and oxidative stress in AMD. Beyond current management strategies, NAD+ and niacin supplementation may offer novel therapeutic avenues for glaucoma and AMD. Further research is warranted to elucidate their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.
- Subjects
UVEA; GLAUCOMA; FOOD consumption; PATIENT safety; RETINAL degeneration; GLAUCOMA treatment; TREATMENT effectiveness; OXIDATIVE stress; NUCLEOTIDES; ANIMAL experimentation; DRUG efficacy; MEDICAL research; DRUGS; COENZYMES; NIACIN; DIETARY supplements; RETINAL ganglion cells; THERAPEUTICS; EVALUATION
- Publication
Nutrients, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 16, p2795
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu16162795