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- Title
Carnitine Protects against MPP + -Induced Neurotoxicity and Inflammation by Promoting Primary Ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y Cells.
- Authors
Bae, Ji-Eun; Kim, Joon Bum; Jo, Doo Sin; Park, Na Yeon; Kim, Yong Hwan; Lee, Ha Jung; Kim, Seong Hyun; Kim, So Hyun; Son, Mikyung; Kim, Pansoo; Ryu, Hong-Yeoul; Lee, Won Ha; Ryoo, Zae Young; Lee, Hyun-Shik; Jung, Yong-Keun; Cho, Dong-Hyung
- Abstract
Primary cilia help to maintain cellular homeostasis by sensing conditions in the extracellular environment, including growth factors, nutrients, and hormones that are involved in various signaling pathways. Recently, we have shown that enhanced primary ciliogenesis in dopamine neurons promotes neuronal survival in a Parkinson's disease model. Moreover, we performed fecal metabolite screening in order to identify several candidates for improving primary ciliogenesis, including L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. However, the role of carnitine in primary ciliogenesis has remained unclear. In addition, the relationship between primary cilia and neurodegenerative diseases has remained unclear. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of carnitine on primary ciliogenesis in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated cells. We found that both L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine promoted primary ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the enhancement of ciliogenesis by carnitine suppressed MPP+-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction and mitochondrial fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, carnitine inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that enhanced ciliogenesis regulates MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and inflammation.
- Subjects
CARNITINE; DOPAMINERGIC neurons; PARKINSON'S disease; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; REACTIVE oxygen species; GROWTH factors
- Publication
Cells (2073-4409), 2022, Vol 11, Issue 17, p2722
- ISSN
2073-4409
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cells11172722