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- Title
C-Reactive protein and insulin growth factor 1 serum levels during the menstrual cycle in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.
- Authors
Codner, E.; Merino, P. M.; Martínez, D.; Lopez, P.; Godoy, C.; Iñiguez, G.; Cassorla, F.; Perez‐Bravo, F.
- Abstract
Aims To evaluate C-reactive protein, insulin growth factor 1 and lipid levels during the follicular and luteal phases in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Methods Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (N = 40) and healthy controls (C; N = 43) were studied during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. C-Reactive protein, insulin growth factor 1 and lipid levels were measured. Results Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes exhibited higher C-reactive protein levels than the C group during the follicular (P < 0.0001) and luteal phases (P < 0.01). The elevation of C-reactive protein levels was more pronounced in overweight adolescents with Type 1 diabetes than in adolescents in the C group. More adolescents with Type 1 diabetes were classified as having an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (C-reactive protein > 3 mg/l) in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (37.5% and 17.5%, respectively); half of the overweight adolescents with Type 1 diabetes in the luteal phase reached this level. BMI was the only significant factor affecting follicular and luteal phase C-reactive protein levels in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Lower insulin growth factor 1 levels were observed during both phases of the menstrual cycle in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes compared with controls. An elevation in insulin growth factor 1 levels in the luteal phase relative to the follicular phase was observed in controls, but not in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Luteal insulin growth factor 1 and C-reactive protein exhibited an inverse correlation (r = -0.4, P = 0.01). Conclusions Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes have higher C-reactive protein levels and lower insulin growth factor 1 levels relative to controls, especially during the luteal phase. Type 1 diabetes diminishes the natural elevation in insulin growth factor 1 levels observed during the luteal phase in controls. Excess weight exacerbates the subclinical inflammatory state observed during both phases of the menstrual cycle in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of covariance; C-reactive protein; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; GROWTH factors; HIGH density lipoproteins; LIPOPROTEINS; TYPE 1 diabetes; MENSTRUATION; OVULATION; PHYSICAL diagnosis; T-test (Statistics); TRIGLYCERIDES; DATA analysis; BODY mass index; CONTROL groups; CONNECTIVE tissue growth factor; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; MANN Whitney U Test; DISEASE complications; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
Diabetic Medicine, 2016, Vol 33, Issue 1, p70
- ISSN
0742-3071
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/dme.12829