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- Title
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Efficacy and Limitations of Nutritional and Comprehensive Mitigation Strategies.
- Authors
Kumar, Shashi Bhushan; Arnipalli, Shanvanth R.; Mehta, Priyanka; Carrau, Silvia; Ziouzenkova, Ouliana
- Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has reached epidemic proportions in developing countries and has become a major global public health problem, affecting mainly 0–5-year-old children and young women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy. Iron deficiency can lead to life-threatening loss of red blood cells, muscle function, and energy production. Therefore, the pathogenic features associated with IDA are weakness and impaired growth, motor, and cognitive performance. IDA affects the well-being of the young generation and the economic advancement of developing countries, such as India. The imbalance between iron intake/absorption/storage and iron utilization/loss culminates into IDA. However, numerous strategic programs aimed to increase iron intake have shown that improvement of iron intake alone has not been sufficient to mitigate IDA. Emerging critical risk factors for IDA include a composition of cultural diets, infections, genetics, inflammatory conditions, metabolic diseases, dysbiosis, and socioeconomic parameters. In this review, we discuss numerous IDA mitigation programs in India and their limitations. The new multifactorial mechanism of IDA pathogenesis opens perspectives for the improvement of mitigation programs and relief of IDA in India and worldwide.
- Subjects
INDIA; IRON deficiency anemia prevention; HEALTH services accessibility; EVALUATION of human services programs; NUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL requirements; GOVERNMENT programs; DIET therapy; TREATMENT effectiveness; IRON deficiency anemia; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Nutrients, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 14, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu14142976