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- Title
A High Protein Diet Is More Effective in Improving Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Variability Compared to a Mediterranean Diet—A Cross-Over Controlled Inpatient Dietary Study.
- Authors
Tettamanzi, Francesca; Bagnardi, Vincenzo; Louca, Panayiotis; Nogal, Ana; Monti, Gianna Serafina; Mambrini, Sara P.; Lucchetti, Elisa; Maestrini, Sabrina; Mazza, Silvia; Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana; Scacchi, Massimo; Valdes, Ana M.; Invitti, Cecilia; Menni, Cristina
- Abstract
The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10−3); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10−4), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.
- Subjects
MEDITERRANEAN diet; OBESITY; BODY weight; CONFIDENCE intervals; GLYCEMIC control; GUT microbiome; TREATMENT effectiveness; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; HIGH-protein diet; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CROSSOVER trials; STATISTICAL sampling; INSULIN resistance
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 12, p4380
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13124380