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- Title
Factors Associated with Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Vitamin D Metabolite Ratios in Premenopausal Women.
- Authors
Toribio, María José; Priego-Capote, Feliciano; Pérez-Gómez, Beatriz; Fernández de Larrea-Baz, Nerea; Ruiz-Moreno, Emma; Castelló, Adela; Lucas, Pilar; Sierra, María Ángeles; Pino, Marina Nieves; Martínez-Cortés, Mercedes; Luque de Castro, María Dolores; Lope, Virginia; Pollán, Marina
- Abstract
The most representative indicator of vitamin D status in clinical practice is 25(OH)D3, but new biomarkers could improve the assessment of vitamin D status and metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of serum vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D metabolite ratios (VMRs) with potentially influential factors in premenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study based on 1422 women, aged 39–50, recruited from a Madrid Medical Diagnostic Center. Participants answered an epidemiological and a food frequency questionnaire. Serum vitamin D metabolites were determined using an SPE–LC–MS/MS platform. The association between participant's characteristics, vitamin D metabolites, and VMRs was quantified by multiple linear regression models. Mean 25(OH)D3 concentration was 49.2 + 18.9 nmol/L, with greater deficits among obese, nulliparous, dark-skinned women, and with less sun exposure. A lower R2 ratio (1,25(OH)2D3/25(OH)D3) and a higher R4 (24,25(OH)2D3/1,25(OH)2D3) were observed in nulliparous women, with high sun exposure, and those with low caloric intake or high consumption of calcium, vitamin D supplements, or alcohol. Nulliparous women had lower R1 (25(OH)D3/Vit D3) and R3 (24,25(OH)2D3/25(OH)D3), and older women showed lower R3 and R4. Vitamin D status modified the association of the VMRs with seasons. VMRs can be complementary indicators of vitamin D status and its endogenous metabolism, and reveal the influence of certain individual characteristics on the expression of hydroxylase enzymes.
- Subjects
VITAMIN D metabolism; PERIMENOPAUSE; BIOMARKERS; OBESITY; SERUM; CROSS-sectional method; MULTIPLE regression analysis; VITAMIN D; DIETARY supplements; QUESTIONNAIRES; DIETARY calcium; METABOLITES
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 11, p3747
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13113747