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- Title
Virtual reality augments effectiveness of treadmill walking training in patients with walking and balance impairments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Authors
Hao, Jie; Buster, Thad W; Cesar, Guilherme M; Burnfield, Judith M
- Abstract
Objective: To systematically summarize and examine current evidence regarding the combination of virtual reality and treadmill training in patients with walking and balance impairments. Data sources: English language randomized controlled trials, participants with walking and balance impairments, intervention group used virtual reality and treadmill, control group only used treadmill with the same training frequency and number of sessions. Six bioscience and engineering databases were searched. Methods: Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results: Sixteen randomized controlled trials including 829 participants were identified. Compared to treadmill-only training, virtual reality augmented treadmill training induced significantly faster walking (p < 0.001; standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.81), longer step length (p < 0.001; SMD = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.42 to 1.06), narrower step width (p = 0.03; SMD = −0.52, 95%CI: −0.97 to −0.06), longer single leg stance period (p = 0.003; SMD = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.27 to 1.27), better functional mobility (p = 0.003; SMD = −0.44, 95%CI: − 0.74 to −0.15), improved balance function (p = 0.04; SMD = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.47), and enhanced balance confidence (p = 0.03; SMD = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.08 to 1.37). Walking endurance did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.21; SMD = 0.13, 95%CI: −0.07 to 0.34). Conclusions: Virtual reality augmented treadmill walking training enhances outcomes compared to treadmill-only training in patients with walking and balance impairments. The results of this review support the clinical significance of combining virtual reality with treadmill training with level 1A empirical evidence.
- Subjects
RESEARCH; ONLINE information services; CINAHL database; PSYCHOLOGY information storage &; retrieval systems; META-analysis; CONFIDENCE intervals; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; VIRTUAL reality; PHYSICAL therapy; POSTURAL balance; SYSTEMATIC reviews; TREADMILLS; GAIT disorders; QUALITATIVE research; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; PSYCHOMOTOR disorders; MEDLINE
- Publication
Clinical Rehabilitation, 2023, Vol 37, Issue 5, p603
- ISSN
0269-2155
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/02692155221138309