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- Title
Durability of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses at 12 Months Postinfection.
- Authors
Lu, Zhongyan; Laing, Eric D; DaMata, Jarina Pena; Pohida, Katherine; Tso, Marana S; Samuels, Emily C; Epsi, Nusrat J; Dorjbal, Batsukh; Lake, Camille; Richard, Stephanie A; Maves, Ryan C; Lindholm, David A; Rozman, Julia S; English, Caroline; Huprikar, Nikhil; Mende, Katrin; Colombo, Rhonda E; Colombo, Christopher J; Broder, Christopher C; Ganesan, Anuradha
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Characterizing the longevity and quality of cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhances understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunity that influences clinical outcomes. Prior studies suggest SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are present in peripheral blood 10 months after infection. Analysis of the function, durability, and diversity of cellular response long after natural infection, over a range of ages and disease phenotypes, is needed to identify preventative and therapeutic interventions.<bold>Methods: </bold>We identified participants in our multisite longitudinal, prospective cohort study 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection representing a range of disease severity. We investigated function, phenotypes, and frequency of T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 using intracellular cytokine staining and spectral flow cytometry, and compared magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies.<bold>Results: </bold>SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T cells were detected 12 months postinfection. Severe acute illness was associated with higher frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells and antibodies at 12 months. In contrast, polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells responsive to SARS-CoV-2 were identified in participants over a wide spectrum of disease severity.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>SARS-CoV-2 infection induces polyfunctional memory T cells detectable at 12 months postinfection, with higher frequency noted in those who experienced severe disease.
- Subjects
COVID-19; CYTOTOXIC T cells; T cells; IMMUNOLOGIC memory; SARS-CoV-2
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2021, Vol 224, Issue 12, p2010
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiab543