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- Title
Betavulgarin Isolated from Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells through Stat3 Signaling.
- Authors
Liu, Ren; Choi, Hack Sun; Zhen, Xing; Kim, Su-Lim; Kim, Ji-Hyang; Ko, Yu-Chan; Yun, Bong-Sik; Lee, Dong-Sun; Marszałek, Krystian; McPhee, Derek J.
- Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health problem that affects lives worldwide. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are small subpopulations of cells with capacities for drug resistance, self-renewal, recurrence, metastasis, and differentiation. Herein, powder extracts of beetroot were subjected to silica gel, gel filtration, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and preparatory high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for isolation of one compound, based on activity-guided purification using tumorsphere formation assays. The purified compound was identified as betavulgarin, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Betavulgarin suppressed the proliferation, migration, colony formation, and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and reduced the size of the CD44+/CD24− subpopulation and the expression of the self-renewal-related genes, C-Myc, Nanog, and Oct4. This compound decreased the total level and phosphorylated nuclear level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), in mammospheres. These data suggest that betavulgarin inhibit the Stat3/Sox2 signaling pathway and induces BCSC death, indicating betavulgarin might be an anticancer agent against breast cancer cells and BCSCs.
- Subjects
BEETS; CANCER stem cells; SUGAR beets; MICROCYSTIS; NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy; BREAST cancer; RESONANCE ionization spectroscopy
- Publication
Molecules, 2020, Vol 25, Issue 13, p2999
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules25132999