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- Title
Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of Neoplasm of smooth muscle in head and neck region - A systematic review.
- Authors
E., Aswani; Jayaraj, Gifrina; Sherlin, Herald J.; Don, K. R.; Santhanam, Archana
- Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) system for defining and classifying soft tissue tumors is loyal applied to lesions that occur in the trunk and extremities, but it also provides a magnificent framework for characterizing nonepithelial extraskeletal tumors of the head and neck. Despite nonepithelial extraskeletal tumors are in the minority among head and neck lesions, they are by no means rare with high rate of recurrence, metastasis and high morbidity rate. Both clinical and radiographic features are not sufficient to diagnosis this disease because the transmission of carcinoma to sarcoma was unable to appreciate by this diagnostic criteria. Hence, we do IHC procedure to differentiate the disease. Aim and Objectives: To systematically review the reliable varieties of IHC Markers and relevant markers for the diagnosis of neoplasm of smooth muscle origin. Material and Methods: Articles were searched in PUBMED, MEDLINE and through google search. Hand search journal was also performed. With the use of a MESH database, 2 articles are included. From google search, 4 articles were identified based on the inclusion criteria one article excluded. Finally 5 articles were systematically reviewed and analysed. Results: In all the studies, the strong and intense immunoreactivity for the alpha-SMA was observed in the cellular membrane of neoplastic cells in both leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Even 80% of the studies show that focally positive of desmin for leiomyosarcoma and angiomyoma. Vimentin is strongly and intensely positive for smooth muscle tumours. The endothelial cells of vascular spaces are positive for CD34 for about 40% of the studies. Conclusion: Alpha-SMA has been used to differentiate the smooth muscle tissue tumors from other spindle lesion and even from malignant conditions compared to vimentin, desmin and other neural makers. Alpha-SMA can be used as reliable and diagnostic markers for neoplasm of smooth muscle in head and neck region. Vimentin is a specific marker for leiomyosarcoma for identifying the significant high risk of recurrence, metastasis and even overall survival rate. CD34 is mainly used as a marker for the vascular leiomyoma and helps to differentiate with other malignant neoplasms.
- Subjects
WORLD Health Organization; SMOOTH muscle; DIAGNOSIS; SOFT tissue tumors; NECK muscles; NECK; SMOOTH muscle tumors
- Publication
Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology Journal, 2021, Vol 12, Issue 1, p26
- ISSN
0976-1225
- Publication type
Article