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- Title
Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid, a Biomarker of the Smoke Toxicant Acrylonitrile, Clearly Distinguishes Smokers From Nonsmokers.
- Authors
Luo, Xianghua; Carmella, Steven G; Chen, Menglan; Jensen, Joni A; Wilkens, Lynne R; Marchand, Loic Le; Hatsukami, Dorothy K; Murphy, Sharon E; Hecht, Stephen S; Le Marchand, Loic
- Abstract
<bold>Introduction: </bold>Cyanoethyl mercapturic acid (CEMA) is a urinary metabolite of acrylonitrile, a toxicant found in substantial quantities in cigarette smoke, but not in non-combusted products such as e-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco and rarely in the diet or in the general human environment. Thus, we hypothesized that CEMA is an excellent biomarker of combusted tobacco product use.<bold>Aims and Methods: </bold>We tested this hypothesis by analyzing CEMA in the urine of 1259 cigarette smokers (urinary cotinine ≥25 ng/mL) and 1191 nonsmokers. The analyses of CEMA and cotinine were performed by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Logistic regression was fit for log-transformed CEMA to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve.<bold>Results: </bold>We found that a CEMA cutpoint of 27 pmol/mL urine differentiated cigarette smokers from nonsmokers with sensitivity and specificity greater than 99%. The use of different cotinine cutpoints to define smokers (10-30 ng/mL) had little effect on the results.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>CEMA is a highly reliable urinary biomarker to identify users of combusted tobacco products such as cigarettes as opposed to users of non-combusted products, medicinal nicotine, or nonusers of tobacco products.<bold>Implications: </bold>CEMA can be used to distinguish users of combusted tobacco products from non-combusted products such as e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and medicinal nicotine. Levels of CEMA in the urine of people who use these non-combusted products are extremely low, in contrast to cotinine.
- Subjects
BIOMARKERS; LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; ACRYLONITRILE; TOBACCO products; RECEIVER operating characteristic curves; MENTHOL; URINE proteins
- Publication
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2020, Vol 22, Issue 10, p1744
- ISSN
1462-2203
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntaa080