We found a match
Your institution may have rights to this item. Sign in to continue.
- Title
Breastmilk Substitutes Marketing Violations and Associated Factors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Authors
de Oliveira, Maria Inês Couto; Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira; Fonseca Sally, Enilce de Oliveira
- Abstract
Background: Aiming to protect breastfeeding, the World Health Organization released the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in 1981, which was adopted by the vast majority of the 118 member countries, including Brazil. The Brazilian Code regulates the marketing of infant formulas, baby bottles, teats, pacifiers, milk, and processed complementary food. Research aims: (1) To determine if retail stores had violated the Brazilian Code and (2) to analyze factors associated with these violations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all drugstores, supermarkets, and department stores in the Southern Zone of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Trained health professionals observed retail stores for marketed products and violations of the Brazilian Code and then interviewed their managers. Factors associated with the retail stores violating the Brazilian Code (outcome) were analyzed, employing a logistic regression model with 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Of the retail stores (N = 349) evaluated, 62.8% violated the Brazilian Code, ranging from 1 to 37 violations per retail store. The most common promotion strategies were price discounts and special displays. Retail stores being part of a chain store (aOR = 4.59) and their manager receiving visits from industry business representatives (aOR = 2.14) were associated with the presence of violations. Conclusions: The prevalence of Brazilian Code violations was high, especially in chain stores. The association between regular visits by industry representatives and violations suggests an indirect influence of manufacturers on the promotion of human milk substitutes. We recommend strengthening compliance with the Brazilian Code through calling on governmental surveillance agencies and civil society mobilization.
- Subjects
BRAZIL; MARKETING laws; INFANT formulas; SALES personnel; WORLD Health Organization; HEALTH services administration; CONFIDENCE intervals; PACIFIERS (Infant care); DRUGSTORES; CROSS-sectional method; REGULATORY approval; INTERVIEWING; MARKETING; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; GROCERY industry; LOGISTIC regression analysis; ODDS ratio
- Publication
Journal of Human Lactation, 2021, Vol 37, Issue 1, p158
- ISSN
0890-3344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/0890334420978405