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- Title
Current Development and Application of Anaerobic Glycolytic Enzymes in Urothelial Cancer.
- Authors
Yang, Yi-Fang; Chuang, Hao-Wen; Kuo, Wei-Ting; Lin, Bo-Syuan; Chang, Yu-Chan
- Abstract
Urothelial cancer is a malignant tumor with metastatic ability and high mortality. Malignant tumors of the urinary system include upper tract urothelial cancer and bladder cancer. In addition to typical genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications, metabolism-related events also occur in urothelial cancer. This metabolic reprogramming includes aberrant expression levels of genes, metabolites, and associated networks and pathways. In this review, we summarize the dysfunctions of glycolytic enzymes in urothelial cancer and discuss the relevant phenotype and signal transduction. Moreover, we describe potential prognostic factors and risks to the survival of clinical cancer patients. More importantly, based on several available databases, we explore relationships between glycolytic enzymes and genetic changes or drug responses in urothelial cancer cells. Current advances in glycolysis-based inhibitors and their combinations are also discussed. Combining all of the evidence, we indicate their potential value for further research in basic science and clinical applications.
- Subjects
TRANSITIONAL cell carcinoma; BLADDER cancer; PROGNOSIS; ENZYMES; CELLULAR signal transduction
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, Vol 22, Issue 19, p10612
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms221910612