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- Title
Ruthenium (II)/allopurinol complex inhibits breast cancer progression via multiple targets.
- Authors
Travassos, Ingrid O.; Mello-Andrade, Francyelli; Caldeira, Raíssa P.; Pires, Wanessa C.; da Silva, Paula F. F.; Correa, Rodrigo S.; Teixeira, Tamara; Martins-Oliveira, Alisson; Batista, Alzir. A.; de Silveira-Lacerda, Elisângela P.
- Abstract
Metal complexes based on ruthenium have established excellent activity with less toxicity and great selectivity for tumor cells. This study aims to assess the anticancer potential of ruthenium(II)/allopurinol complexes called [RuCl2(allo)2(PPh3)2] (1) and [RuCl2(allo)2(dppb)] (2), where allo means allopurinol, PPh3 is triphenylphosphine and dppb, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. The complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, molar conductance measurements, as well as the X-ray crystallographic analysis of complex 2. The antitumor effects of compounds were determined by cytotoxic activity and cellular and molecular responses to cell death mechanisms. Complex 2 showed good antitumor profile prospects because in addition to its cytotoxicity, it causes cell cycle arrest, induction of DNA damage, morphological and biochemical alterations in the cells. Moreover, complex 2 induces cell death by p53-mediated apoptosis, caspase activation, increased Beclin-1 levels and decreased ROS levels. Therefore, complex 2 can be considered a suitable compound in antitumor treatment due to its cytotoxic mechanism.
- Subjects
BREAST cancer; CANCER invasiveness; RUTHENIUM; ELEMENTAL analysis; CELL death; THIOUREA
- Publication
Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry (JBIC), 2021, Vol 26, Issue 4, p385
- ISSN
0949-8257
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00775-021-01862-y