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- Title
Involvement of CX3CR1<sup>+</sup> cells appearing in the abdominal cavity in the immunosuppressive environment immediately after gastric cancer surgery.
- Authors
Natsuki, Seiji; Yoshii, Mami; Tanaka, Hiroaki; Mori, Takuya; Deguchi, Sota; Miki, Yuichiro; Tamura, Tatsuro; Toyokawa, Takahiro; Lee, Shigeru; Maeda, Kiyoshi
- Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is primarily treated by surgery; however, little is known about the changes in the intraperitoneal immune environment and the prognostic impact of surgery. Surgical stress and cancer-associated inflammation cause immune cells to mobilize into the abdominal cavity via numerous cytokines. One such cytokine, CX3CR1, has various immune-related functions that remain to be fully explained. We characterized the intraperitoneal immune environment by investigating CX3CR1+ cells in intraperitoneal lavage fluid during gastric cancer surgery. Methods: Lavage fluid samples were obtained from a total of 41 patients who underwent gastrectomy. The relative expression of various genes was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. The association of each gene expression with clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes was examined. The fraction of CX3CR1+ cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine profiles in lavage fluid samples were investigated using a cytometric beads array. Results: CX3CR1high patients exhibited higher levels of perioperative inflammation in blood tests and more recurrences than CX3CR1low patients. CX3CR1high patients tended to exhibit higher pathological T and N stage than CX3CR1low patients. CX3CR1 was primarily expressed on myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. In particular, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells were associated with perioperative inflammation, pathological N, and recurrences. These immunosuppressive cells were associated with a trend toward unfavorable prognosis. Moreover, CX3CR1 expression was correlated with programmed death–1 expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CX3CR1+ cells are associated with an acute inflammatory response, tumor-promotion, and recurrence. CX3CR1 expression could be taken advantage of as a beneficial therapeutic target for improving immunosuppressive state in the future. In addition, analysis of intra-abdominal CX3CR1+ cells could be useful for characterizing the immune environment after gastric cancer surgery.
- Subjects
STOMACH cancer; MYELOID-derived suppressor cells; ONCOLOGIC surgery; ABDOMEN; CHEMOKINE receptors; BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage
- Publication
World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2024, Vol 22, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1477-7819
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12957-024-03353-1