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- Title
Urinary and serum concentrations of seven phytoestrogens in a human reference population subset.
- Authors
Valentin-Blasini, Liza; Blount, Benjamin C.; Caudill, Samuel P.; Needham, Larry L.
- Abstract
Diets rich in naturally occurring plant estrogens (phytoestrogens) are strongly associated with a decreased risk for cancer and heart disease in humans. Phytoestrogens have estrogenic and, in some cases, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic properties, and may contribute to the protective effect of some diets. However, little information is available about the levels of these phytoestrogens in the general US population. Therefore, levels of phytoestrogens were determined in urine (N=199) and serum (N=208) samples taken from a nonrepresentative subset of adults who participated in NHANES III, 1988-1994. The phytoestrogens quantified were the lignans (enterolactone, enterodiol, matairesinol); the isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin); and coumestrol (urine only). Phytoestrogens with the highest mean urinary levels were enterolactone (512?ng/ml), daidzein (317?ng/ml), and genistein (129?ng/ml). In serum, the concentrations were much less and the relative order was reversed, with genistein having the highest mean level (4.7?ng/ml), followed by daidzein (3.9?ng/ml) and enterolactone (3.6?ng/ml). Highly significant correlations of phytoestrogen levels in urine and serum samples from the same persons were observed for enterolactone, enterodiol, genistein, and daidzein. Determination of phytoestrogen concentrations in large study populations will give a better insight into the actual dietary exposure to these biologically active compounds in the US population.Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology (2003) 13, 276-282. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500278
- Subjects
PHYTOESTROGENS; CANCER; HEART diseases; URINE; SERUM
- Publication
Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, 2003, Vol 13, Issue 4, p276
- ISSN
1053-4245
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.jea.7500278