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- Title
Fermentation quality, microflora succession and keystone taxa in co-ensiling of cabbage waste and dry rice straw.
- Authors
ZHANG Jingxian; DU Guilin; SHI Jiping; MA Zhiguo; YUAN Chenyang; LIU Xiangcen; ZHANG Baoguo
- Abstract
[Objective] To study the change of physicochemical indexes and microbial community in the co-ensiling process of cabbage and dry rice straw, and to analyse the correlation between them in order to provide references for the feed utilization of cabbage waste and dry rice straw. [Method] Cabbage waste was co-ensiled with dried rice straw in 30 °C for 30 days, and samples were taken on the 0th, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th days of fermentation to analyze fermentation quality and nutrient components. The microbial community was investigated using the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing during ensiling. The Alpha diversity indexes (Coverage index, Shannon index and Chao1 index) of bacteria and fungi were analyzed by Mothur 1. 30. 2. The functions and phenotypes of microflora were predicted via BugBase and FUNGuild database. The co-occurrence network and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to study microorganic interactions and correction between physicochemical indexes and dominant taxa for revealing the role of keystone taxa during ensiling. [Result] Compared with before fermentation, pH, dry matter (DM) content and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content decreased significantly after mixed storage and fermentation of cabbage and dry rice straw (P<0. 05), while organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid) and ethanol significantly accumulated (P<0. 05). The content of ammonium nitrogen was less than 10% at the end of fermentation and pH dropped to 4. 0. Contents of crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent cellulose (ADF) had no significant changes (P<0. 05), while the content of neutral detergent cellulose (NDF) increased significantly (P<0. 05). The Coverage index of bacterial and fungal communities was 0. 99 to 1. 00, the Shannon index and Chao1 index of bacterial community decreased significantly after the 3rd day of fermentation (P<0. 05), while the Shannon index and Chao1 index of fungal community did not change significantly (P<0. 05). During the fermentation process, the dominant bacteria with relative abundance of >5% changed from the initial non-ideal flora to lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacter, and the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi in fungal community decreased significantly (P<0. 05). Nine bacterial phenotypes and 12 fungal phenotypes were annotated. Among them, aerobic, biofilm-forming, gram-negative, curative potential bacteria and animal pathogenic fungi were significantly inhibited (P<0. 05), the 30 rd day of relative abundance were 8.0%, 31. 5 %, 31. 8%, 31. 3 % and 15. 64%. The microbial co-occurrence network constructed based on the relative abundance of species consisted of 38 points representing bacterial genera or fungal genera and 91 undirected edges representing correlation between connected bacterial genera or fungal genera. Compared with before fermentation, lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and unclassified__f__Lactobacillacea) and saprophytic fungi (Wallemia and unclassified_f__Dipodascacea) were key taxa to inhibit pathogen enrichment. Pediococcus and unclassified_f__ Dipodascaceae) were the key taxa to improve the quality of silage. RDA results showed that pH, WSC and CF were the key physical and chemical factors affecting the succession of dominant microorganisms. Among them, pH and WSC were positively correlated with dominant species Fusarium, Aspergillus, Pantoea and Enterobacter, but negativity correlated with Pediococcus and unclassified__f__Enterobacteriaceae. CF was negatively correlated with the dominant species Enterococcus and Wallemia. [Conclusion] In the mixed storage and fermentation process of Brassica oleracea and dry rice straw, the dry matter content was effectively preserved, the dominant species of fungi were significantly enriched, and the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria was effectively inhibited. Therefore, the mixed storage and fermentation is an effective way for resource treatment of cabbage waste and dry rice straw.
- Publication
Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition, 2022, Vol 50, Issue 2, p90
- ISSN
1671-9387
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.13207/.cnki.jnwafu.2022.02.011