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- Title
Functional anatomy of the luring apparatus of the deep-sea ceratioid anglerfish Cryptopsaras couesii (Lophiiformes: Ceratiidae).
- Authors
Mitsuomi Shimazaki; Kazuhiro Nakaya
- Abstract
The osteology and myology of the illicial apparatus of Cryptopsaras couesii were examined in an effort to elucidate function. The apparatus consists of two bones, a tiny illicial bone, completely enveloped by tissue of the esca, and an extremely long supporting pterygiophore that lies within a deep groove on the dorsal surface of the head. The anterior end of the pterygiophore emerges on the tip of the snout from between the frontal bones, while the posterior end, encased in a dermal sheath when the illicial apparatus is retracted, emerges on the back just anterior to the dorsal caruncles. Five pairs of muscles control movement of the illicial apparatus: small, short erectors and depressors control movement of the illicial bone, while extremely long inclinators, protractors, and retractors control movement of the pterygiophore. The protractors and retractors of C. couesii are more robust and much longer than those of other lophiiforms, indicating that the pterygiophore of this species has an exceptionally wide range of movement in the anterior and posterior plane. Moreover, these muscles wind around the pterygiophore in opposite directions, a unique anatomy that suggests that C. couesii extends and retracts the pterygiophore by rotation.
- Subjects
BONES; MUSCLES; MAGNOLIALES; ANIMAL mechanics; BIOMECHANICS; MARINE biology
- Publication
Ichthyological Research, 2004, Vol 51, Issue 1, p33
- ISSN
1341-8998
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10228-003-0190-6