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- Title
Concomitant BDNF and sleep slow wave changes indicate ketamine-induced plasticity in major depressive disorder.
- Authors
Duncan Jr, Wallace C.; Sarasso, Simone; Ferrarelli, Fabio; Selter, Jessica; Riedner, Brady A.; Hejazi, Nadia S.; Yuan, Peixiong; Brutsche, Nancy; Manji, Husseini K.; Tononi, Giulio; Zarate Jr, Carlos A.
- Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). In rats, ketamine selectively increased electro-encephalogram (EEG) slow wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and altered central brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Taken together, these findings sug-gest that higher SWA and BDNF levels may respectively represent electrophysiological and molecular correlates of mood improvement following ketamine treatment. This study investigated the acute effects of a single ketamine infusion on depressive symptoms, EEG SWA, individual slow wave parameters (surrogate markers of central synaptic plasticity) and plasma BDNF (a peripheral marker of plasticity) in 30 patients with treatment-resistant MDD. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores rapidly decreased following ketamine. Compared to baseline, BDNF levels and early sleep SWA (during the first non-REM episode) increased after ketamine. The occurrence of high amplitude waves increased during early sleep, accompanied by an increase in slow wave slope, consistent with increased synaptic strength. Changes in BDNF levels were proportional to changes in EEG parameters. Intriguingly, this link was present only in patients who responded to ketamine treatment, suggesting that enhanced synaptic plasticity - as reflected by increased SWA, individual slow wave parameters and plasma BDNF - is part of the physiological mechanism underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists. Further studies are required to confirm the link found here between behavioural and synaptic changes, as well as to test the reliability of these central and peripheral biomarkers of rapid antidepressant response.
- Subjects
BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor; SLOW wave sleep; KETAMINE; NEUROPLASTICITY; RAPID eye movement sleep; MENTAL depression; METHYL aspartate receptors; ANTIDEPRESSANTS
- Publication
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013, Vol 16, Issue 2, p301
- ISSN
1461-1457
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1017/S1461145712000545