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- Title
GOLD Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Reaching Mid‐Latitudes During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm.
- Authors
Karan, Deepak Kumar; Martinis, Carlos R.; Eastes, Richard W.; Daniell, Robert E.; McClintock, William E.; Huang, Chao‐Song
- Abstract
A coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun on 21 April 2023 and created a G4 geomagnetic storm on 23 April. NASA's global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) imager observed bright equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at ∼25° Mlat, ∼11° poleward from their average locations, computed by averaging the EIA crests during the previous geomagnetic quiet days (18–22 April) between ∼15°W and 5°W Glon. Reversed C‐shape equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were observed reaching ∼±36° Mlat (∼40°N and ∼30°S Glat) with apex altitudes ∼4,000 km and large westward tilts of ∼52°. Using GOLD's observations EPBs zonal motions are derived. It is observed that the EPBs zonal velocities are eastward near the equator and westward at mid‐latitudes. Model‐predicted prompt penetration electric fields indicate that they may have affected the postsunset pre‐reversal enhancement at equatorial latitudes. Zonal ion drifts from a defense meteorological satellite program satellite suggest that westward neutral winds and perturbed westward ion drifts over mid‐latitudes contributed to the observed latitudinal shear in zonal drifts. Plain Language Summary: A severe geomagnetic storm occurred on 23 April 2023. The effects of the storm on the nighttime equatorial and mid‐latitude ionosphere are investigated using NASA's global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) measurements. GOLD observed bright, widely separated equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests between ∼15°W and 5°W Glon. Extreme equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) reaching mid latitudes at ∼40 N and ∼30°S Glat with apex altitudes of ∼4,000 km at the magnetic equator were observed over these longitudes. The EPBs velocities were eastward at low latitudes, between the EIA crests, and reversed to westward near mid‐latitudes. At mid‐latitudes EPBs showed westward tilts that were larger than previous observations during similar geomagnetic conditions. Key Points: Maximum poleward shift (∼11°) of equatorial ionization anomaly crests was observed between ∼15°W and 5°W GlonReversed C‐shape Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) extended to ∼±36° Mlat (∼40°N and ∼30°S Glat) with apex altitudes reaching ∼4,000 kmShear in EPBs zonal drifts is formulated as a function of magnetic apex heights based on their tilts
- Subjects
UNITED States. National Aeronautics &; Space Administration; EQUATORIAL ionization anomaly; MAGNETIC storms; METEOROLOGICAL satellites; LATITUDE; GOLD; CORONAL mass ejections; SEVERE storms; IONOSPHERE
- Publication
Space Weather: The International Journal of Research & Applications, 2024, Vol 22, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
1539-4956
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2023SW003847