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- Title
Unravelling oxygen driven α to β phase transformation in tungsten.
- Authors
Chattaraj, Ananya; Balal, Mohammad; Yadav, Ashok Kumar; Barman, Sudipta Roy; Sinha, Anil Kumar; Jha, Shambhu Nath; Joulie, Sebastien; Serin, Virginie; Claverie, Alain; Kumar, Vijay; Kanjilal, Aloke
- Abstract
Thin films of β-W are the most interesting for manipulating magnetic moments using spin–orbit torques, and a clear understanding of α to β phase transition in W by doping impurity, especially oxygen, is needed. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and ab initio calculations to explore atomic structure, bonding, and oxygen content for understanding the formation of β-W. It is found that the W films on SiO2/Si have 13–22 at.% oxygen in A15 β structure. Ab initio calculations show higher solution energy of oxygen in β-W, and a tendency to transform locally from α to β phase with increasing oxygen concentration. X-ray absorption spectroscopy also revealed local geometry of oxygen in β-W, in agreement with the simulated one. These results offer an opportunity for a fundamental understanding of the structural transition in α-W and further development of β-W phase for device applications.
- Subjects
TUNGSTEN; PHASE transitions; MAGNETIC properties of thin films; MAGNETIC moments; SPIN-orbit interactions; GRAZING incidence; X-ray diffraction; PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy
- Publication
Scientific Reports, 2020, Vol 10, Issue 1, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2045-2322
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-71650-2