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- Title
Fetal sex-specific differences in gestational age at delivery in pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis.
- Authors
Global Pregnancy Collaboration:; Schalekamp-Timmermans, Sarah; Arends, Lidia R; Alsaker, Elin; Chappell, Lucy; Hansson, Stefan; Harsem, Nina K; Jälmby, Maya; Jeyabalan, Arundhathi; Laivuori, Hannele; Lawlor, Debbie A; Macdonald-Wallis, Corrie; Magnus, Per; Myers, Jenny; Olsen, Jørn; Poston, Lucilla; Redman, Christopher W; Staff, Anne C; Villa, Pia; Roberts, James M
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy disorder complicating up to 8% of pregnancies. Increasing evidence indicates a sex-specific interplay between the mother, placenta and fetus. This may lead to different adaptive mechanisms during pregnancy.<bold>Methods: </bold>We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis to determine associations of fetal sex and PE, with specific focus on gestational age at delivery in PE. This was done on 219 575 independent live-born singleton pregnancies, with a gestational age at birth between 22.0 and 43.0 weeks of gestation, from 11 studies participating in a worldwide consortium of international research groups focusing on pregnancy.<bold>Results: </bold>Of the women, 9033 (4.1%) experienced PE in their pregnancy and 48.8% of the fetuses were female versus 51.2% male. No differences in the female/male distribution were observed with respect to term PE (delivered ≥ 37 weeks). Preterm PE (delivered < 37 weeks) was slightly more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus than in pregnancies with a male fetus [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21]. Very preterm PE (delivered < 34 weeks) was even more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus as compared with pregnancies with a male fetus (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.59).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Sexual dimorphic differences in the occurrence of PE exist, with preterm PE being more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus as compared with pregnancies with a male fetus and with no differences with respect to term PE.
- Subjects
PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY complications; GESTATIONAL age; PLACENTA; FETUS; COMPARATIVE studies; DELIVERY (Obstetrics); FETAL growth retardation; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; META-analysis; RESEARCH; SEX distribution; EVALUATION research; FETAL development
- Publication
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2017, Vol 46, Issue 2, p632
- ISSN
0300-5771
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/ije/dyw178