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- Title
Bovine Meat and Milk Factor-like Sequences Are Frequently Detected in Renal Cell Carcinoma Tissues.
- Authors
Mobaraki, Ghalib; Shi, Shuai; Smits, Kim M.; Severens, Kim; Lommen, Kim; Rennspiess, Dorit; Chteinberg, Emil; Winnepenninckx, Véronique; Samarska, Iryna; Klufah, Faisal; Hausen, Axel zur
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Circular bovine meat and milk factor (BMMF) DNAs have recently been identified in peritumoral tissues of human colon and breast cancers. Here we aimed to test the most common subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for the prevalence of BMMF1 and BMMF2 DNA. We directly tested formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) RCC and peritumoral tissues for BMMF1 and BMMF2 sequences by introducing novel consensus PCR primers. We demonstrate that BMMF1- and BMMF2- like DNA sequences can be reliably detected in FFPE tissues by consensus PCR. Our results demonstrate that BMMF1- and BMMF2- like sequences are frequently present in FFPE tissues of RCC and peritumoral tissues. Of interest, these sequences are more prevalent in peritumoral kidney tissues. These findings are potentially in line with the proposed model for BMMF-induced indirect colon carcinogenesis, which includes the presence of BMMFs in adjacent peritumoral tissues. Previous studies have indicated a potential role of diet in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recently, circular bovine meat and milk factor (BMMF) DNAs have been identified in peritumoral tissues of human colon and breast cancers. Here, we investigated the prevalence of the DNA of these novel human pathogenic infectious agents in RCC and adjacent peritumoral renal tissues. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) RCC and peritumoral kidney tissues, including a test (n = 11) and a validation (n = 152) collection. BMMF1 and BMMF2 consensus primers were designed to screen for the presence of BMMF1- and BMMF2-like DNA. In addition, BMMF-specific PCR was performed on selected cases to test for the presence of additional regions of BMMF1 and BMMF2 genomes. A reference collection of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs; n = 60) and adjacent peritumoral liver tissues (n = 50) was also included. Our results demonstrated that BMMF1 and BMMF2 DNAs are frequently found in human RCC tissues and are particularly more prevalent in peritumoral kidney tissues. Of note, BMMF1 and BMMF2 genotype heterogeneity was higher in peritumoral kidney tissues compared to RCC tissues. This is the first study to directly test human FFPE tissues for BMMF1- and BMMF2-like DNA using consensus PCR and demonstrate BMMF DNA in neoplastic and peritumoral kidney tissues. The findings are in line with the recently proposed indirect etiopathogenetic role of BMMFs in, e.g., colorectal carcinogenesis. Follow-up studies are needed to explore the potential role of BMMFs in the etiopathogenesis of RCC.
- Subjects
DNA analysis; RISK assessment; GENOMICS; NEOPLASTIC cell transformation; RESEARCH funding; CATTLE; POLYMERASE chain reaction; MILK; MEAT; RENAL cell carcinoma; DIET; SEQUENCE analysis; HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 9, p1746
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16091746