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- Title
GM-CSF and Pregnancy: Evidence of Significantly Reduced Blood Concentrations in Unexplained Recurrent Abortion Efficiently Reverted by Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment.
- Authors
Perricone, Roberto; De Carolis, Caterina; Giacomelli, Roberto; Guarino, Maria D.; De Sanctis, Giuliana; Fontana, Luigi
- Abstract
Problem: Certain Th-2 cytokines and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are propitious for the success of pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is often characterized by a failure of Th-2 type responses. These considerations as well as the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in RSA induced us to evaluate the levels of GM-CSF in normal pregnancies, in pregnant women affected with unexplained RSA and the effects of IVIg treatment. Method of study: Peripheral blood free GM-CSF was measured by means of a sandwich enzyme immunoassay in 39 healthy women (13 non-pregnant, 26 pregnant) and in 53 RSA patients (11 non-pregnant, 42 pregnant). In 14 pregnant RSA patients GM-CSF was studied also after the very first IVIg infusion (0.5 g/kg body weight). Results: In healthy women we found a significant increase of GM-CSF during pregnancy, in pregnant RSA patients such an increase was not detected. After IVIg, GM-CSF concentrations were almost doubled. Conclusions: GM-CSF is found increased in normal pregnancy and is very low during pregnancy in RSA. IVIg infusions are capable of increasing GM-CSF in pregnant recurrent aborters.
- Subjects
GRANULOCYTE-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; COLONY-stimulating factors (Physiology); PREGNANCY; ABORTION; IMMUNOGLOBULINS
- Publication
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2003, Vol 50, Issue 3, p232
- ISSN
1046-7408
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00083.x