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- Title
Anti-dopamine D2 receptor antibodies in chronic tic disorders.
- Authors
Addabbo, Francesco; Baglioni, Valentina; Schrag, Anette; Schwarz, Markus J; Dietrich, Andrea; Hoekstra, Pieter J; Martino, Davide; Buttiglione, Maura; Anastasiou, Zacharias; Apter, Alan; Ball, Juliane; Bartolini, Erika; Benaroya‐Milshtein, Noa; Bodmer, Benjamin; Bognar, Emese; Burger, Bianka; Buse, Judith; Cardona, Francesco; Correa Vela, Marta; Creti, Roberta
- Abstract
<bold>Aim: </bold>To investigate the association between circulating anti-dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) autoantibodies and the exacerbation of tics in children with chronic tic disorders (CTDs).<bold>Method: </bold>One hundred and thirty-seven children with CTDs (108 males, 29 females; mean age [SD] 10y 0mo [2y 7mo], range 4-16y) were recruited over 18 months. Patients were assessed at baseline, at tic exacerbation, and at 2 months after exacerbation. Serum anti-D2R antibodies were evaluated using a cell-based assay and blinded immunofluorescence microscopy scoring was performed by two raters. The association between visit type and presence of anti-D2R antibodies was measured with McNemar's test and repeated-measure logistic regression models, adjusting for potential demographic and clinical confounders.<bold>Results: </bold>At exacerbation, 11 (8%) participants became anti-D2R-positive ('early peri-exacerbation seroconverters'), and nine (6.6%) became anti-D2R-positive at post-exacerbation ('late peri-exacerbation seroconverters'). The anti-D2R antibodies were significantly associated with exacerbations when compared to baseline (McNemar's odds ratio=11, p=0.003) and conditional logistic regression confirmed this association (Z=3.49, p<0.001) after adjustment for demographic and clinical data and use of psychotropic drugs.<bold>Interpretation: </bold>There is a potential association between immune mechanisms and the severity course of tics in adolescents with CTDs.
- Subjects
TIC disorders; RECEPTOR antibodies; LOGISTIC regression analysis; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; REGRESSION analysis; AUTOANTIBODIES; RESEARCH; RESEARCH methodology; CELL receptors; EVALUATION research; MEDICAL cooperation; COMPARATIVE studies; RESEARCH funding
- Publication
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2020, Vol 62, Issue 10, p1205
- ISSN
0012-1622
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1111/dmcn.14613