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- Title
How do we measure gender discrimination? Proposing a construct of gender discrimination through a systematic scoping review.
- Authors
de la Torre-Pérez, Laura; Oliver-Parra, Alba; Torres, Xavier; Bertran, Maria Jesús
- Abstract
Background: Gender discrimination (GD) has been frequently linked to mental health. The heterogeneity of how GD is defined has led to variation around the analysis of GD. This might affect the study of the association between GD and health outcomes. The main goal of this systematic scoping review is to operationalize the definition of the GD construct. Methods: Three search strategies were set in Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The first strategy obtained results mainly about women, while the second focused on men. The third strategy focused on the identification of GD questionnaires. The prevalence of GD, factors and consequences associated with GD perception, and forms of discrimination were the principal variables collected. Risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO:CRD42019120719). Results: Of the 925 studies obtained, 84 were finally included. 60 GD questionnaires were identified. GD prevalence varied between 3.4 and 67 %. Female gender and a younger age were the factors most frequently related to GD. Poorer mental health was the most frequent consequence. Two components of the GD construct were identified: undervaluation (different recognition, opportunities in access, evaluation standards and expectations) and different treatment (verbal abuse and behaviour). Conclusions: Two-component GD definition can add order and precision to the measurement, increase response rates and reported GD.
- Subjects
ONLINE information services; CINAHL database; PSYCHOLOGY information storage &; retrieval systems; SEXISM; SELF-evaluation; SYSTEMATIC reviews; AGE distribution; MENTAL health; SEX distribution; ATTITUDES toward sex; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; DISEASE prevalence; LITERATURE reviews; MEDLINE; MENTAL illness
- Publication
International Journal for Equity in Health, 2022, Vol 21, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1475-9276
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12939-021-01581-5