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- Title
Update on Staphylococcal Superantigen-Induced Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions.
- Authors
Krakauer, Teresa
- Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related bacterial toxins cause diseases in humans and laboratory animals ranging from food poisoning, acute lung injury to toxic shock. These superantigens bind directly to the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and specific Vβ regions of T-cell receptors (TCR), resulting in rapid hyper-activation of the host immune system. In addition to TCR and co-stimulatory signals, proinflammatory mediators activate signaling pathways culminating in cell-stress response, activation of NFKB and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This article presents a concise review of superantigen-activated signaling pathways and focuses on the therapeutic challenges against bacterial superantigens.
- Subjects
SUPERANTIGENS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL diseases; CYTOKINES; T cell receptors; DRUG approval; RAPAMYCIN; TOXIC shock syndrome toxin-1
- Publication
Toxins, 2013, Vol 5, Issue 9, p1629
- ISSN
2072-6651
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/toxins5091629