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- Title
İNSAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜSÜ (HPV) ENFEKSİYONLARI ve HPV AŞILAMASINDA GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR.
- Authors
KOÇAK, Cemal; ÇELEBI ERKILIÇ, Melis
- Abstract
HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection and main cause of cervical cancer. In this review; current information about screening, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, vaccination is mentioned. It is aimed to reveal effectiveness, prevalence, obstacles to the use of vaccine. HPV can be transmitted sexually, through direct contact at birth, membrane rupture, shared toilets/pools, USG probes, colposcope. Low age at first intercourse, multiple partners, more than three pregnancies, pregnancy before age of 20, cervical trauma, miscarriage, abortion are risk factors. In the world, the prevalence of HPV in men is 42-49%, the hihg-risk prevalance 24-36%; the prevalence in women is 25-37%, the high-risk prevalence is 20%. The prevalence of HPV type-16,18 in Turkey is 4.2-67.6%. HPV infection can develop in anus, vulva, vagina, penis, oropharynx. If it lasts longer than six months, 5-10% of women may experience premalignant lesions. Most lesions regress, some may turn into cancer. Effective primary (monogamy, late first intercourse, condom, vaccine) and secondary (screening) approaches prevent most diseases. The first HPV vaccine was administered in 2006, it has been shown that those vaccinated 10 years ago are fully protected. Since 2009, WHO has found HPV vaccines cost-effective, and recommends their inclusion in national programs. As of March 2022, 60% of WHO member states have added HPV vaccination to program. Global coverage was 12% for 2 doses in women in 2020. In our country, HPV vaccines are not included in program and are not covered by SSI. Vaccination is 0.9-3.9%, which is much lower than international rates (40.5-92.4%). The lack of payment, its cost, the need to administer 3 doses, the fact that it is given to children/adolescents, and inability of parents to adopt the vaccine don’t make the practice widespread. HPV is a public health problem. Cervical cancer can be eliminated with highly effective vaccination, screening, treatment. Vaccination should be increased in accordance with WHO's strategy. Increasing coverage and supply of vaccine will accelerate reaching the goal
- Subjects
TURKEY; TRANSMISSION of papillomavirus diseases; PAPILLOMAVIRUS disease diagnosis; IMMUNIZATION; PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases; RISK assessment; ORGANS (Anatomy); WORLD Health Organization; NATIONAL health services; PARENTS; COST effectiveness; USER charges; VACCINE effectiveness; PRECANCEROUS conditions; HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines; VACCINATION coverage; PUBLIC health; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Community & Physician / Toplum ve Hekim, 2024, Vol 39, Issue 4, p293
- ISSN
1300-4387
- Publication type
Article