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- Title
Beating absorption in solid-state high harmonics.
- Authors
Liu, Hanzhe; Vampa, Giulio; Zhang, Jingyuan Linda; Shi, Yu; Buddhiraju, Siddharth; Fan, Shanhui; Vuckovic, Jelena; Bucksbaum, Philip H.; Reis, David A.
- Abstract
Since the new millennium coherent extreme ultra-violet and soft x-ray radiation has revolutionized the understanding of dynamical physical, chemical and biological systems at the electron's natural timescale. Unfortunately, coherent laser-based upconversion of infrared photons to vacuum-ultraviolet and soft x-ray high-order harmonics in gaseous, liquid and solid targets is notoriously inefficient. In dense nonlinear media, the limiting factor is strong re-absorption of the generated high-energy photons. Here we overcome this limitation by generating high-order harmonics from a periodic array of thin one-dimensional crystalline silicon ridge waveguides. Adding vacuum gaps between the ridges avoids the high absorption loss of the bulk and results in a ~ 100-fold increase of the extraction depth. As the grating period is varied, each high harmonic shows a different and marked modulation, indicating their waveguiding in the vacuum slots with reduced absorption. Looking ahead, our results enable bright on-chip coherent short-wavelength sources and may extend the usable spectral range of traditional nonlinear crystals to their absorption windows. Potential applications include on-chip chemically-sensitive spectro-nanoscopy. Control of nonlinear optical processes at the nanoscale is vital for the generation of on-chip short-wavelength sources, yet strong re-absorption of this radiation limits its efficiency in solids. Here, high harmonics are generated in an array of 1D silicon ridge waveguides, mitigating bulk re-absorption.
- Subjects
ULTRAVIOLET radiation; X-ray lasers; ELECTRONS; PHOTONS; NANOELECTROMECHANICAL systems
- Publication
Communications Physics, 2020, Vol 3, Issue 1, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2399-3650
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s42005-020-00472-5