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- Title
Improved Biomagnetic Signal-To-Noise Ratio and Source Localization Using Optically Pumped Magnetometers with Synthetic Gradiometers.
- Authors
Xiang, Jing; Yu, Xiaoqian; Bonnette, Scott; Anand, Manish; Riehm, Christopher D.; Schlink, Bryan; Diekfuss, Jed A.; Myer, Gregory D.; Jiang, Yang
- Abstract
Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) can capture brain activity but are susceptible to magnetic noise. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel methodology used to reduce magnetic noise in OPM measurements. A portable magnetoencephalography (MEG) prototype was developed with OPMs. The OPMs were divided into primary sensors and reference sensors. For each primary sensor, a synthetic gradiometer (SG) was constructed by computing a secondary sensor that simulated noise with signals from the reference sensors. MEG data from a phantom with known source signals and six human participants were used to assess the efficacy of the SGs. Magnetic noise in the OPM data appeared predominantly in a low frequency range (<4 Hz) and varied among OPMs. The SGs significantly reduced magnetic noise (p < 0.01), enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (p < 0.001) and improved the accuracy of source localization (p < 0.02). The SGs precisely revealed movement-evoked magnetic fields in MEG data recorded from human participants. SGs provided an effective method to enhance SNR and improve the accuracy of source localization by suppressing noise. Software-simulated SGs may provide new opportunities regarding the use of OPM measurements in various clinical and research applications, especially those in which movement is relevant.
- Subjects
SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; MAGNETIC noise; MAGNETOMETERS; NOISE measurement; MAGNETIC fields
- Publication
Brain Sciences (2076-3425), 2023, Vol 13, Issue 4, p663
- ISSN
2076-3425
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/brainsci13040663